Bangladesh’s political and constitutional landscape is undergoing scrutiny as Attorney General Md. Asaduzzaman recently proposed significant changes to the nation’s Constitution, sparking discussions about the country’s identity and democratic fabric. During a High Court hearing, he suggested removing the terms “secularism” and “socialism” from the Constitution, citing their lack of alignment with the country’s demographic and cultural realities.
The Constitution of Bangladesh, amended multiple times since its adoption in 1972, reflects the evolving aspirations and challenges of the nation. The 15th Amendment, passed in 2011 under the Awami League government, restored secularism as a state principle, designated Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as the “Father of the Nation” and removed the caretaker government system that previously oversaw elections.
The Attorney General argued that the amendments were contradicting the nation’s democratic values and risked fostering authoritarianism.More specifically, he insisted on the re-writing of Articles 7A and 7B, ensuring that no amendments could be made to the Constitution so as to destroy the gains of democracy. He argued these provisions portrayed as power concentrated amendments, limiting any form of political reform.
A key issue raised by Asaduzzaman was the removal of the caretaker government system. Initially established to ensure free and fair elections, its abolition has reportedly weakened public confidence in the electoral process and impacted citizens’ fundamental rights. Reinstating this system and provisions for referendums, he argued, would strengthen democratic governance.
The proposal to remove “secularism” from the Constitution has drawn particular attention, given Bangladesh’s historical context. The Attorney General reasoned that with 90% of the population being Muslim, the term “secularism” might not reflect the cultural ethos. However, he reaffirmed the importance of equal rights and protections for all religions, as guaranteed under Article 2A.
Meanwhile, Bangladesh faces growing social tensions, particularly concerning its Hindu minority, which constitutes about 8% of the population. Since the political shift in August, when Sheikh Hasina’s government was toppled, attacks on minority communities have surged. According to the Bangladesh Hindu Buddhist Christian Unity Council, more than 2,000 attacks on Hindus have been reported since early August.
Recent incidents, including arson in Chattogram targeting tribal communities, have heightened concerns about minority safety. Massive protests by Hindu groups across the country reflect the community’s demand for protection and justice. The government has pledged to restore order, but tensions remain high.
As Bangladesh navigates these complex challenges, the Attorney General’s proposals are likely to ignite debates about the nation’s constitutional principles, democratic aspirations and commitment to inclusivity. The coming months will be critical in determining how Bangladesh reconciles its identity with its diverse and evolving political landscape.
